Oleh : KURDI, S.Pd.SD
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Mengapa bencana melanda? menurut Undang-undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana yang menjelaskan bencana adalah peristiwa atau rangkaian peristiwa yang mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat yang disebabkan, baik oleh faktor alam dan/atau faktor nonalam maupun faktor manusia sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya korban jiwa manusia, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta benda, dan dampak psikologis. Belakangan ini , seringkali suatu kejadian bencana dihubungkan dengan azab atau pembinasaan. Bencana diartikan sebagai hukuman Tuhan kepada manusia karena tidak mematuhi perintah-NYA.
Padahal sesungguhnya terdapat tiga macam pengertian bencana. Pertama adalah bala’, ini adalah ujian yang mengangkat derajat seseorang jika ia mampu melewatinya dengan baik, penuh kesadaran, keikhlasan, dan tawakkal. Bala’ memperkuat keimanan dan memperkokoh ketaatan seorang hamba. Bahkan, bala’ juga menjadi media peleburan dosa bagi hamba yang mampu menjalaninya dengan baik dan penuh kesabaran. Kedua, bencana juga diartikan sebagai hukuman atau iqob, jika manusia melampaui batas dengan melanggar aturan Tuhan. Contohnya, manakala manusia mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam sehingga merusaknya dan mengganggu keseimbangan alam. Ketiga adalah pembinasaan atau azab. Bencana ini adalah apa yang terjadi pada umat terdahulu yang menolak ajakan para nabi untuk bertauhid kepada Allah SWT. Manakala para nabi itu menyerukan keimanan, suatu kaum justru kian asyik tenggelam dalam kekufuran. Sebagai respon dari ketidakpatuhan secara berkesinambungan tersebut, maka Allah mengirimkan musibah yang membinasakan suatu kaum. Setelah menyimak uraian di atas, maka kita hendaknya tidak serta merta menyangkutpautkan suatu bencana dengan azab. Sebab, bisa jadi musibah tersebut adalah bala’ yang menguji keimanan seseorang. Terhadap musibah jenis ini, seorang muslim harus sabar dan ikhlas.
Sementara itu, musibah yang turun sebagai hukuman (iqob) menjadi suatu peringatan. Bilamana manusia menyadari kesalahannya, beristighfar, bertaubat, dan kembali kepada aturan-aturan Allah, maka akan diangkat musibah tersebut dan mengangkat derajat mereka. Namun, jika musibah tersebut tidak kunjung membuat manusia sadar, maka akan diturunkan musibah lagi hingga hari pembalasan dan menjadi azab untuk kaum tersebut. Menghadapi Suatu Bencana Sesungguhnya tidak ada satu peristiwa yang terjadi di alam ini, melainkan atas izin dan kehendaknya. Inilah yang kita kenal sebagai takdir. Dalam Surat Al An’am ayat 59 dan Al Hadid ayat 22 disebutkan, bahwa segala sesuatu yang terjadi di dunia sudah tertulis di dalam kitab yang nyata atau Lauhul Mahfuz. Dengan menyadari bahwa segala musibah sudah menjadi takdir, maka suatu bencana terjadi karena faktor alam dan manusia sebagai sebab atau wasilah. Faktor alam contohnya adalah turunnya hujan sebagai bagian dari siklus alam daur hidrologis. Kemudian faktor manusia turut berperan ketika hujan tersebut jatuh di lereng terbuka yang mengakibatkan longsor. Hujan yang sama pun dapat menyebabkan banjir ketika saluran air tidak lagi mampu menampung karena tersumbat tumpukan sampah. Sunnatullah adalah manakala terjadi hubungan sebab akibat antara fenomena alam dengan ulah manusia yang menyebabkan terjadinya bencana. Sesungguhnya hubungan di antara kedua hal tersebut sangat erat. Manakala manusia tunduk pada aturan-aturan yang sudah digariskan, termasuk dalam menjaga hukum keseimbangan alam, maka Allah pun akan menjaga bumi dan apa yang ada di atasnya. Namun, jika pelanggaran terjadi, maka Allah akan memberikan peringatan dalam bentuk fenomena alam yang mengganggu kehidupan dan penghidupan manusia atau peristiwa bencana.
Dari uraian di atas, maka jelaslah bahwa suatu musibah hendaknya kita hindari sejak dini dengan cara mengelola risikonya. Pertama, kita perlu mengenali risiko bencana. Kedua kita perlu melakukan langkah-langkah antisipasi agar risiko tersebut tidak menjadi bencana sesungguhnya. Kesadaran ini sangat penting dan dapat kita lakukan dengan menjaga dan merawat anugerah Tuhan kepada manusia. Tindakan yang patut dilakukan misalnya dengan menjaga kelestarian alam agar keseimbangan alam terjaga dan sunnatullah pun berjalan sebagaimana mestinya tanpa menimbulkan musibah kepada umat manusia. Sebagai umat beragama, kita pun tidak boleh lupa untuk senantiasa berprasangka baik kepada Allah SWT.
Saat tertimpa musibah, kita boleh bersedih, tetapi pada saat yang sama kita harus menjaga sikap dan ucapan kita agar terhindar dari sikap atau ucapan yang membuat Allah kian murka. Suatu ketika Abdurrahman bin ‘Auf melihat Rosululloh bersedih dan meneteskan air mata setelah meninggalnya Ibrahim, putra Rosul. Abdurrahman pun menanyakan keadaan Rosul. Beliau menjawab, “Ini adalah Rahmat.” Kemudian bersabda, “Air mata boleh menetes, hati boleh sedih, tetapi mulut ini jangan sampai berkata selain yang mengakibatkan Allah ridlo.”
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